1. Surface treatment method
The two interfaces of inorganic matter and polymer are linked together by silane coupling agent to obtain the best wetting value and dispersibility.
The silane coupling agent is made into a dilute solution to facilitate full contact with the surface to be treated. The solvent is mostly water, alcohol or a mixture of water and alcohol, and water without fluoride ion and cheap and non-toxic ethanol and isopropanol are suitable.

Amino silane coupling agent, directly configured with aqueous solution, PH is 9~11. Amino functional group helps silane to become more stable in aqueous solution.
The solutions prepared by other types of silane coupling agents should be added with acetic acid as a hydrolysis catalyst, and the pH value should be adjusted to 3.5-5.5.
Long-chain alkyl and phenyl silanes are not suitable for use in aqueous solutions due to their poor stability.

First, an alcohol-aqueous solution was prepared from 95% EtOH and 5% H2O, and AcOH was added to make the pH 4.5-5.5. Add the silicon coupling agent under stirring to make the concentration reach 2%, and after hydrolysis for 5min, the hydrolyzate containing Si-OH is formed. After the treatment liquid is prepared, it can be treated by dipping, spraying or brushing.

(1) Add acetic acid to water to prepare an aqueous solution with a final concentration of 0.1~2%. If the silane is more soluble, a lower concentration acetic acid solution is recommended.
(2) Drop the silane coupling agent into the acetic acid aqueous solution and mix until the final concentration is 0.1~2.0%. Slowly add the silane dropwise and stir the aqueous solution rapidly to prevent gel formation.
(3) After adding silane, it is necessary to continue to vibrate for 30-60 minutes until the solution becomes completely transparent, indicating that the silane has been completely hydrolyzed.
(4) If solid impurities appear, filtration is recommended. If the silane solution is to be used continuously, use a sieve of less than 0.5µ for circulating filtration.
(5) Silanol is usually unstable in the presence of water, but it is more stable in weak acid solutions.

Silane is first used as a surface treatment agent by controlling hydrolysis to prepare a hydrolyzate. This method can obtain better treatment effect than pure silane solution.

2. Integral blending method
The overall blending method is to mix the silane coupling agent stock solution into the resin or polymer before the filler is added. The resin or polymer must not react with the silane coupling agent prematurely, so as not to reduce its tackifying effect. After silane coupling is incorporated into the resin, it must be placed for a period of time to complete the migration process, and then cured to obtain better results.