Mustard Garden
Zhi Wei left
Professor, School of fine arts, Nanjing Normal University. Famous art theorist, art educator, painter. The Chinese Artists Association awarded a lifetime honor to the outstanding art historians.
The most famous introduction to painting in the history of painting, the painting Manual of mustard garden, was born in the mustard garden of Li Yu, a scholar in Jinling during the reign of Kangxi in the 17th century A.D. Since its birth, mustard garden painting manual has bred many master painters and painters. Modern painting circles even think that learning traditional painting must start from mustard garden painting manual, just like students' poetry must be familiar with three hundred Tang poems.
We can see that some famous painters in modern times, such as Qi Baishi, Huang Binhong, Pan Tianshou, Chen Zhifo and Fu Baoshi, have to use the painting Manual of mustard garden as a model for painting. In the past 300 years, the painting Manual of mustard garden has benefited the painting world and cultivated generations of famous painters, which can be called boundless merit. As the sage He Yong said, this book "is enough to live a long life".
Mustard garden occupies a place in the history of Chinese landscape architecture and has irreplaceable value in the history of painting education. However, Nanjing people and Chinese people don't know much about it. It is a brilliant business card in the history of Nanjing culture, which is worth writing.
In the 16th year of Kangxi (1677) in the Qing Dynasty, Li Yu, the owner of the garden, returned to his hometown Hangzhou for an old age and died three years later. As a famous garden, mustard garden was changed several times in Nanjing. It was ransacked repeatedly and finally annihilated. Now few people know where it lives in Jinling.
Mustard garden is a villa built in Nanjing by Li Yu, a scholar dramatist in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. Li Yu, who was 40 years old in Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty, moved to Hangzhou to travel to Jinling, where he was engaged in drama writing, engraving and printing pictures and books. He was good at drama. The famous drama theory and novel is Kite error. Later, it was adapted by Mei Lanfang into Peking Opera Phoenix back to nest, which is famous all over the country. In 1657, he settled in Nanjing in Shunzhi of Qing Dynasty and built mustard garden near the beautiful reading platform.
The ancients have commented that "not dying in the eastern Wu, but dying in the Western Jin Dynasty, but in the south of the city, it's a pity for Xiaohou platform". This Xiaohou is the reading platform of ZhouChu. According to the research, this reading platform is No. 44, tiger head, under the current Wuding gate. The ancient scenery of this place is infinitely beautiful. Chishiji goes down the Changhe River and passes around the city. There are stone pillows, which can seat more than ten people. Thousands of pomegranate flowers are planted on the city. Every summer, the flowers bloom. Looking back, it's like brocade! All the people go on a journey on drums and enjoy themselves. Li Yu, with his unique insight, chooses Fengshui here to make a garden. It's wonderful!
The garden is called "Mustard garden". Li Yu has his own meaning: the land of mustard garden is less than three mu, and there is only one hill. Therefore, it's called mustard garden. It's very small. When you see that it's a little bit hilly, it's called taking mustard to make a living. Although Yu mustard garden is as small as mustard, it can accommodate Xumi. As an excellent garden, the mustard garden built by Li Yu is very small and diverse. In the garden, there are Fubai Xuan, Laishan Pavilion, yuexie, Getai, etc. What's more, on the rockery, a famous sculptor is invited to carve a fishing statue for himself.
During Li Yu's stay in Nanjing, he not only built his own famous mustard garden for drama creation, but also opened a bookstore in the opening class. The shop name was called "Mustard garden", which, together with Hu Zhengyan's "shizhuzhai" and Wang's "Huancui hall" at that time, were the famous calligraphy and painting shops in Nanjing. Now, they have become rare good books by engraving and publishing books and pictures with exquisite engraving. Now we see the "Mustard garden painting biography", there is a "Mustard garden painting manual" are several easy manuscripts.
China's first Academy of fine arts with the nature of a Western Academy was born in 1902 in the picture Department of Sanjiang and Liangjiang Normal Schools in Nanjing. Later, it evolved into the Department of art of the National Central University established in 1928. Group teaching of painting skills. Since then, a large number of art creation talents have continuously entered the society from the college. What we should admire here is the mustard garden painting biography (spectrum), which is for beginners before the new art education. In the past three hundred years, everyone who has studied painting has benefited from the help of "Mustard garden painting manual".
The cause of "the legend of mustard garden painting" is that there were 43 pages of landscape paintings in Li Changheng's class drawings in Shen Xinyou's family, Li Yu's son-in-law. Shen Xinyou asked Wang Gai, the famous landscape painter at that time, to sort out and add them. After three years, they were compiled to 133 pages, which combined the different themes of landscape paintings into different kinds of paintings, such as tree paintings, rock paintings, and scenery figures House score, the imitative score of landscape paintings made by famous landscape painters of all ages, and the score of famous painters. A role model for beginners. With the help of Li Yu, this part of the works was carefully engraved into a book in the 18th year of Kangxi, which was published in the name of mustard garden. This is the first episode of mustard garden painting manual.
Soon Shen Xinyou invited zhuxi'an, a famous painter in Hangzhou, to compile the painting of orchid and bamboo, and Wang Yunan to compile the painting of plum chrysanthemum, grass, insects, flowers and birds. Later, Wang Wei, Wang MI, Cao and Wang Sichi's brothers added and deleted the painting, with a brief introduction of painting. They were printed and published in Kangxi for 40 years, and then revised the painting of plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum into the second volume. Flowers, birds, grass and insects were compiled into the third volume, which was originally planned to be re compiled into a secret biography of painting In the fourth episode, the book hasn't been finished. Because there are many people who need this episode, the booksellers have pieced together the secret paintings compiled by Ding Hezhou, a painter from Danyang, into the painting Manual of "the painting biography of the late laugh hall", which is also attached with drawings. It's said that the fourth episode of "the painting Manual of mustard garden" is fake. Although it's not compiled by Shen Xinyou, its value lies in that it is integrated into a complete painting Manual of mustard garden with the first three collections During the reign of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1875-1909), there were many people who needed this painting manual, but the original book was so worn out that it could not be reprinted. At that time, there was a painter named Chao Xun, who was also a native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. He copied the painting Manual of mustard garden again, and added some paintings of famous Shanghai artists. He also drew a set of people's manual. In Guangxu 23, it was published by the official book Bureau in Shanghai, known as "Chao" This book has been circulated in today's society.
"Mustard garden painting manual" is a textbook for beginners to learn traditional painting techniques. They can learn basic techniques such as pen, shape, composition, etc. from here, they can enter the painting door and initially experience the excellent tradition of ancient painting techniques. This can only be the way to get started. After mastering some basic painting techniques, we must learn from nature, observe in the real nature, comprehend the life vitality of nature, carry out the life of the sketching object, and then enter into the creation, which is the right way of painting.
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