Recently, significant progress has been made in polymer dissolution technology in the scientific research field. Based on thermodynamic principles, a research team successfully deciphered the complex "swelling first, then dissolving" process of polymers by precisely regulating enthalpy change and entropy change, opening up new avenues for the efficient utilization of insoluble polymers. Due to their large molecular weight and special long-chain structure, polymer dissolution is far more complex than that of small molecules, involving a swelling stage with solvent infiltration and a dissolution stage with chain segment dispersion. The core depends on whether the Gibbs free energy change meets the thermodynamic criterion of ΔG < 0. Traditional dissolution methods often face problems such as low efficiency and high pollution, restricting the application and development of polymer materials. The research team proposed three major thermodynamic regulation strategies: strengthening intermolecular forces through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions to reduce dissolution enthalpy change; optimizing entropy contribution through low-temperature environments or shear action; designing adaptive solvent systems composed of "alkali + hydrogen bond donor + electrolyte" to simultaneously improve enthalpy and entropy changes. Among them, the NaOH/thiourea aqueous solvent achieves room-temperature dissolution of cellulose, and the LiOH/KOH/urea system breaks through the universal dissolution problem of chitin, demonstrating remarkable technical advantages. The achievement has been applied in multiple fields: biocompatible hydrogels and microspheres prepared in the biomedical field provide new materials for drug carriers and wound dressings; cellulose separation membranes in the environmental protection field contribute to sewage purification and gas separation; polymer fibers prepared by low-temperature dissolution in industrial manufacturing show potential in smart sensors and other fields. This breakthrough not only deepens the understanding of the thermodynamic laws of polymer dissolution but also promotes the development of green dissolution technology. In the future, it is expected to enable more insoluble polymer materials to exert their unique values, injecting new vitality into materials science and related industries.