As an outstanding representative in the field of composite materials, basalt fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites have become the focus of the industrial and scientific research circles due to their balanced performance, controllable cost and super strong environmental adaptability. Their application expansion rate is far higher than that of traditional fiber-reinforced composite materials, showing great potential in various fields.
    Basalt fiber uses natural basalt ore as the only raw material. After being melted at a high temperature of 1450℃ to 1500℃, it is formed by drawing through a platinum-rhodium alloy bushing, without the need for adding auxiliary raw materials, reducing the preparation cost from the source. The application of platinum-rhodium alloy bushing effectively resists the strong corrosion of high-temperature melt and ensures the continuous and stable production of fibers. In terms of performance, its tensile strength can reach 3500-4800MPa, close to that of T300 carbon fiber, but the cost is only 1/5 to 1/8 of the latter, filling the performance gap between carbon fiber and glass fiber. More notably, it does not embrittle at an ultra-low temperature of -269℃ and still maintains more than 80% of its mechanical properties at a high temperature of 700℃, which is far beyond the temperature adaptation range of glass fiber. Moreover, its elastic modulus, wear resistance and fatigue resistance are all better than those of traditional glass fiber.
    The environmental protection attribute is another highlight of basalt fiber. No harmful gases are emitted during the production process, and the solid waste is only a small amount of recyclable slag, whose output is less than one-third of that in glass fiber production. After being discarded, it can be treated by natural degradation or high-temperature incineration without long-term pollution, fully complying with the green transformation trend of the material industry.
    In terms of R&D history, the exploration of basalt fiber has spanned nearly two centuries. After technical breakthroughs by scientists from many countries, it has gradually advanced from early experiments to industrial production. Today, its applications cover military, aerospace, personal protection, civil engineering and other fields, with a global market size growing at an annual rate of over 20%. China has formed a complete industrial system with the world's largest production capacity. With policy support, it is gradually narrowing the technical gap with developed countries in high-end fields.

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