At CES 2026, Finnish startup Donut Lab unveiled the world's first mass-producible all-solid-state battery, igniting industry expectations for the industrialization of solid-state batteries with impressive specifications: 400Wh/kg energy density, operating temperature range of -30℃ to 100℃, 5-minute fast charging, and 100,000-cycle lifespan. The company plans to deliver electric motorcycles equipped with this battery in the first quarter of 2026, potentially becoming the world's first enterprise to achieve mass production and on-vehicle application of all-solid-state batteries.
     Currently, the sulfide route is the most industrialization-ready technical path for solid-state batteries, and lithium sulfide (Li₂S), as the core precursor of sulfide solid electrolytes, is gaining increasing strategic importance. In mainstream electrolyte formulations such as Li₆PS₅Cl, lithium sulfide serves both as a lithium source and a sulfur source, accounting for 70%-80% of the total cost, making it a key factor determining electrolyte costs.
     The demand side has shown explosive potential. It is estimated that global demand for power batteries in new energy vehicles will reach 3500GWh by 2030. If the penetration rate of solid-state batteries reaches 6%, the corresponding demand for lithium sulfide will be approximately 76,500 tons. However, there is a significant gap on the supply side. Currently, the global effective production capacity of battery-grade lithium sulfide is only a few thousand tons, with most enterprises still in the pilot-scale production stage of hundreds of tons. Chinese enterprises such as Guanghua Technology and Ganfeng Lithium have taken the lead in layout. Among them, Ganfeng Lithium has an existing annual production capacity of 5,000 tons, and Guanghua Technology can quickly expand its production capacity to 3,000 tons. 
    Industry insiders point out that lithium sulfide production faces multiple technical barriers such as high-purity control and safety management, and capacity expansion will take several years. As solid-state batteries are gradually applied in high-end models, the contradiction between supply and demand of lithium sulfide may further intensify. Material enterprises need to accelerate process optimization and capacity building to match the downstream industrialization pace.

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