In the rubber industry, especially in the manufacturing of high-performance tires, N,N'-m-phenylenedimaleimide (referred to as PDM, trade name HVA-2) is breaking performance bottlenecks with its multifunctional properties, emerging as a prominent formula modification material. This additive, integrating vulcanization, anti-scorch, adhesion promotion and other functions, brings all-round performance upgrades to the tire industry through its unique molecular structure and reaction mechanism.
    PDM's molecular structure includes a rigid benzene ring and reactive maleimide double bonds, endowing it with excellent thermal stability and reactivity. In terms of physical properties, it appears as a pale yellow to brown fine powder with a melting point exceeding 195℃, soluble in polar solvents such as tetrahydrofuran. These characteristics enable it to adapt to the complex processes of rubber mixing. Its core advantage lies in multi-dimensional reaction mechanisms: acting as a co-crosslinking agent in peroxide vulcanization systems to improve crosslinking efficiency, having both anti-scorch and anti-reversion functions in sulfur systems, and enhancing the adhesion between rubber and cords/metals through chemical bonding and polarity enhancement.
    In tire production, PDM is applied to key components: solving the "shoulder separation" problem of truck tire shoulder rubber, improving the wear resistance and cut resistance of tread rubber, enhancing the flex fatigue resistance of sidewall rubber, and improving the interlayer adhesion of inner liner. Tests show that after adding PDM, the heat resistance of rubber materials is increased by more than 30%, heat generation is reduced by 20%, and adhesion strength is significantly improved, effectively extending tire service life. In industrial applications, the dosage of PDM needs to be precisely controlled according to functions: 0.1-1.0 phr for anti-scorch use, 0.5-3.0 phr for anti-reversion use, and 0.5-10 phr as a co-vulcanizing agent. In the mixing process, adding it in the non-productive stage is preferred to balance dispersion effect and processing safety. It is compatible with various rubber systems such as NR, SBR, and EPDM, and can also provide sulfur-free vulcanization solutions to meet special environmental requirements.
    As a "multifunctional additive" in the rubber industry, PDM is driving tire formulas towards high performance, long service life and environmental protection, providing core support for the safety and energy efficiency upgrading of the automotive industry.

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