In chemical foreign trade and practical applications, the definition of "water-based products" has long been a source of confusion: some solvent-based products are exported under the name of "water-based", while some products claiming to be water-based are still classified as hazardous chemicals because their flash points are below 60℃. In fact, the judgment of "water-based" needs to be considered from two dimensions: engineering system and material ontology.
    Most "water-based products" on the market are water-based in the engineering sense. Through technical means such as chemical bonds and hydrophilic structural units, hydrophobic materials can be stored and constructed in water. Their core performance logic still follows that of solvent-based systems, and the "water-based" state is lifted once the water evaporates after film formation. Truly "pure water-based" materials, however, must be completed in the aqueous phase from the monomer synthesis stage. Acrylic emulsion is a typical example, forming stable polymer latex particles through aqueous free radical polymerization without relying on low-flash-point solvents.
    Currently, there are few types of pure water-based chemical raw materials. In addition to acrylic emulsion, they also include aqueous polyvinyl acetate (VAE/PVAc) emulsion, natural polymer water-soluble systems, and some internally emulsified water-based polyurethanes. Clarifying the difference between the two is crucial for the customs declaration, transportation and application safety of chemical products.

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