Powder flowability is a core indicator in the production of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms, directly affecting the stability of mixing, granulation, tableting and other processes. Key influencing factors include particle size, shape, moisture absorption, surface properties, vibration and temperature. Powders with a particle size of about 250μm show good flowability, while those below 100μm tend to agglomerate. Spherical particles have the best flowability, whereas flaky or dendritic particles perform poorly. A small amount of moisture absorption increases interparticle forces and impairs flowability. Proper vibration improves flow, while high temperatures may cause particle softening and caking.
Fluidization technology is widely used in fluidized bed drying, one-step granulation and film coating due to its fast heat transfer, uniform mixing and low material abrasion. It works when gas buoyancy balances gravity and friction, making particles behave like a boiling liquid. Most pharmaceutical applications involve aggregative fluidization, so gas velocity must be strictly controlled between critical fluidization velocity and entrainment velocity to ensure process stability. Precisely regulating flow parameters and fluidization gas velocity can significantly enhance production efficiency and product quality, boosting the development of solid dosage form manufacturing.
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