As an important active form of vitamin B3, niacinamide has become a core raw material in the cosmetics industry due to its multiple effects such as brightening skin, repairing the skin barrier, anti-inflammation and anti-aging. Recent industry studies have systematically revealed its properties, influencing factors of stability and application key points, providing crucial references for formula development and safe use.
     Niacinamide has a small molecular weight and strong water solubility, which can gradually penetrate the stratum corneum to reach the dermis. Its skincare mechanism is clear: it reduces pigmentation by inhibiting the transfer of melanosomes, enhances the adhesion of the stratum corneum to improve the skin barrier, promotes collagen synthesis to delay aging, and relieves inflammatory reactions such as acne, making it widely used in multi-effective skincare products.
     However, studies have found that the stability of niacinamide is easily affected by external factors. Under conditions such as pH below 5.0 or above 6.5, temperature exceeding 45℃, and ultraviolet light exposure, it is prone to hydrolysis to form nicotinic acid. Nicotinic acid is the main cause of skin flushing and stinging, and the higher the concentration, the greater the irritation risk. In addition, compounding with ingredients such as vitamin C and VCE will accelerate hydrolysis, while tranexamic acid and carnosine can play an inhibitory role. To ensure product safety and effectiveness, the industry suggests starting from three aspects: selecting raw materials with high purity and low nicotinic acid content; controlling the formula pH between 5.0-7.0 to avoid improper compounding; using opaque packaging and avoiding high temperature and light during storage and transportation. Consumers should pay attention to building tolerance when using, sensitive skin should prefer low-concentration products of 2%-3%, and conduct a patch test before use.
     With the upgrading of skincare needs, the application scenarios of niacinamide continue to expand. In the future, the industry will focus on the development of more stable derivatives and the innovation of compounding technology to further improve product safety and effectiveness.

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